Engineering Thermodynamics

The thermodynamic system properties, work and heat. 1st Law of Thermodynamics; Circle processes, change of state, internal energy, enthalpy, specific heat; open systems, stationary and non-stationary processes. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics; reversible and irreversible processes, exergy- and entropy balances, equilibrium of chemical reaction, Carnot cycle. Thermodynamic power cycles, refrigeration cycles, the Otto cycle and the Diesel cycle, the gas-turbine process. Introduction to exergy analysis.
Examples related to renewable energy. Possible use of relevant software.

Knowledge
Candidates are expected to understand:
   - The relationship between energy, work and heat in thermodynamic systems.
- Conservation laws for mass and energy (including the 1st law of Thermodynamics).
- Forms of energy such as work (power) and heat, internal energy and enthalpy.
- Entropy and the 2nd law of thermodynamics.
- Reasons for thermodynamic losses in the form of irreversibilities.
- The quality of different forms of energy measured as the ability to produce work.
- Destruction of energy quality in processes.
- Ideal gas model, its assumptions, applications and limitations.
- Different cyclic processes such as Carnot, Rankine, Otto, Diesel and Brayton.
- Operation of steam and gas based power stations, internal combustion engines, heat pumps and refrigeration cycles.
- The main components of heat & power processes, such as steam and gas turbines, compressors, pumps, fans, heat exchangers and valves.
- The ability of fluids to change phase (solid, liquid and gas).
    - Simple circle processes and how enthalpy and entropy used to describe such processes.
    - Processes related to the combustion of hydrocarbons.
Skills
Candidates are expected to be able to:
   - Setting up mass balance and energy balance for simple systems with energy, work and heat.
- Estimate thermodynamic properties for systems by the use of tables and graphical diagrams.
- Calculate efficiencies for power producing and power consuming processes.
- Describe thermodynamic processes in graphical diagrams such as pv, Tv og Ts.
   - Analyze simple circle processes
- Write a scientific report.
General competence:
   - The candidate should be fundamental thermodynamics for use in problems of renewable energy related to wind, hydro, biokraft and thermal machines.
- Basic competence that constitute central elements in other courses focusing on energy systems and industrial processes.
- Understanding of systems and the capability to evaluate the efficiency of processes w.r.t. energy and exergy (energy quality).
- Overview of processes for power production, heating (heat pumps) and cooling (refrigeration cycles).

Lectures. Weekly assignments. One group assignment during the semester (a larger thermodynamic analysis/laboratory assignment).
Writing scientific report.