Fabrication and Applications of Nanomaterials

The course starts by deriving the thermodynamic driving force and the kinetics of nucleation and growth of nanoparticles by focusing on precipitation from solutions. Different mechanism for nucleation and crystal growth along with strategies to control particle size (distribution) and morphology define the basis for design of different particle populations. The classical crystallization theory is presented as the fundamental theoretical background and recently emerging alternative hypotheses are discussed.

Synthesis and functionalization of metallic and polymeric nanoparticles will be presented with an understanding of how growth can be controlled by tuning synthetic parameters. Functionalization of particle surfaces will be treated to tailor them towards specific applications. Solution-based characterization techniques will be discussed from fundamental principles that are relevant for such nanomaterials.

The notation for describing crystalline surfaces and their relevance as catalysts and nanoparticle model systems are presented. Experimental principles and techniques for determining surface structure and area, morphology, composition, and crystal structure are introduced. Methods for the fabrication of catalysts and (porous) supports based on precipitation are presented, as well as other methods with relevance for the catalyst nanostructure and microporosity.

A project work is carried out as a part of the course that involves fabrication and characterization of nanomaterials to endorse the learning outcomes via hands-on, practical experience.

At the end of the course the students should:

- Understand the basis and driving forces necessary for the production of nanoparticles.

- Describe different mechanisms for nucleation and growth of amorphous and crystalline nanoparticles in relation to the thermodynamic driving force and effective parameters.

- Quantify nucleation and growth rates for nanoparticles.

- Suggest ways of tailoring nanoparticle populations in terms of precipitating phase, phase purity, particle size and size distribution, and morphology, based on changes in important system parameters and choice of method.

- Understand how surface functionalization can alter end use/applications of nanomaterials

- Understand the underlying principles and limitations of characterization techniques frequently used for studying nanostructures, including nanoparticles in solution, dry nanoparticles, and catalytic surfaces.

- Understand the fundamental principles for catalyst fabrication by precipitation, hydrothermal synthesis, and use of colloidal particles.

- Give examples of catalytic reaction systems where the significance of particle size and/or the nanostructure has been identified.

- Analyze and interpret experimental data.

Lectures, compulsory exercises and compulsory project work.