Thermodynamics and Machinery systems

Examples, application of engineering thermodynamics.

Defining thermodynamic systems. Work and heat crossing the system boundaries.

Dimensions/units for temperature, pressure, specific volume, heat capacity, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, liquid phase and gas phase. Evaluating properties using calculation, tables and software.

Evaporation and condensation change of phases. Processes with vapor and liquid, LNG and other hydrocarbons. Vapor-liquid diagrams, software and tables for analyzing processes.

Equation of state for ideal gases and calculations with compressibility factor for real gases. Reduced and pseudo-reduced pressure and temperature.

Polytropic, isentropic, isobar, isokor processes. Calculations of heat and work transferred and change of properties.

The first law of thermodynamics, energy balance for closed systems and for control volumes. The relationship between different energy forms as potential-, pressure-, heat-, mechanical-, kinetic-and potential energy. Enthalpy and internal energy. The diesel cycle as four closed-system processes. Calculations of net work, net heat transfer, thermal efficiency, mean effective pressure, power and fuel consumption.

Head for pumps and compressors.

The second law of thermodynamics applied on motor- and refrigeration cycles. The Carnot process as reference for real processes.

Heat transfer, conduction, natural and forced convection and radiation. Heat exchangers, different types. Calculations with heat transfer coefficients and mean temperature differences.

Vapor power-generating systems with boiler and turbine.

Propulsion, characteristics for motors, gears and propellers. Different systems; mechanical/conventional versus dieselelectric and hybrid. Typical behavior, fuel consumption. Auxiliary systems like electric power systems, cooling-, fuel-, bilge-, firefighting-, hydraulic-systems.

Energy balances for machinery systems. Rate of heat supplied, propulsion power and rate of heat transferred in auxiliary systems into the surroundings. Freshwater production from waste heat rejected by engine jacket cooling water.

Pump theory and calculation/dimensioning of piping systems. Different types of pumps.

Knowledge:

The meaning and use of dimensions/units for temperature, pressure, specific volume, heat capacity, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, liquid- and gas-phase.

Cycles for combustion motors and refrigeration plants/heat pumps.

The first law of thermodynamics and the relationship between different energy forms as potential-, pressure-, heat-, mechanical-, and kinetic energy. Understand the definition of Head for pumps and compressors.

The second law of thermodynamics applied on motor- and refrigeration cycles.

Energy quality, relationship between temperature level, exergy and anergy.

Energy balance for combustion engines and their cooling systems.

Efficiencies for different combustion-, mechanical and electric processes and machineries.

The Carnot process as reference for real processes.

Machinery systems, propulsion-, and auxiliary systems as hydraulic systems for ships and offshore platforms. Mechanical, diesel-electric and hybrid systems. Consequences of choice of machinery system with respect to need of space, investment, energy consumption and costs.

Understand the difference, with respect to construction and use, between different types of machineries and components such as motors, pumps and heat exchangers.

Skills:

Analyze and doing estimates or detailed calculations for machinery or components such as combustion engines, electric motors, heat exchangers, pumps and piping systems.

General competence:

Be able to communicate using relevant technical terminology.

Knowledge of trends/development for systems and components .

Lectures, 7 mandatory exercises, project work (individually and in groups). 

Mandatory assignments:

Mandatory assignments have to be approved before admission to examination.