Instrumentation for chemical analysis

Methods and sensors for analysis of chemical composition adequate for on-line use in industrial processes. Theoretical foundations for the various sensors and methods. The module will give hands-on experience in selected methods through laboratory assignments and through theoretical calculations. Methods and devices that are covered are:

• Electrochemical methods (voltammetry, potential step methods, impedance)
• Potentiometric sensors, ion selective electrodes, and pH measurements
• Sensors based on microfluidics
• Amperometric sensors
• Coulometric methods and stripping voltammetry
• Roterating electrodes
• Reference electrodes
• Gravimetric methodes
• Optical sensors and spectrometry (UV-vis og vibrational spectroscopy)

The module also offers a brief introduction to electric circuits and electronics for conversion from physical to electrical signals, including conversion for analogue to digital signals and signal analysis. Signal noise. Filtering. Lock-in amplifiers. The module emphasizes analysis of precision and accuracy and measurement errors specific to the various methods covered.

After the course the participants can account for the principles on which the various methods are based so as to quantitatively assess the methods for an industrial application, and account for how instruments are calibrated and measurements performed so as to obtain and acceptable precision and accuracy. The participants are capable of giving detailed accounts of electrochemical and optical methods for measuring concentration, and are able to perform such measurements in the laboratory or in industry. The participants are familiar with the most important application areas for the other types of measurements described in the module.

Lectures, problem sets, and laboratory assignments.